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Foot & Ankle

Foot & Ankle Anatomy

How does the Foot & Ankle joint work?

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Microfracture

Microfracture is a surgical procedure performed to promote the healing of damaged cartilage with the use of stem cells (progenitor cells of the body). It is considered the best procedure to treat cartilage injuries less than ½ inch or 15 mm. Microfracture is widely used to treat hip and knee injuries, but can also be performed to treat articular cartilage (tissue cushioning two bones) of the ankle joint, damaged due to an ankle sprain or break, which can lead to snapping and locking of the ankle joint, loss of motion and deep ankle pain.

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Ligament Repair

The movement of the ankle is supported and controlled by ligaments (tissue connecting bone to bone)present on the outside of the ankle joint. Injury caused to these ligaments by chronic or repeated ankle sprains reduces their ability to confine the ankle joint with in the normal range of motion. The stretching or tearing of these ligaments may make the ankle unstable and result in the ankle giving way, difficulty in walking on irregular surfaces or chronic ankle pain. Ligament stabilization is a surgical procedure performed to shorten and tighten the stretched out ligaments; thereby,making the ankle more stable.

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Achilles Tendon Rupture

Achilles tendon is a strong fibrous cord present behind the ankle that connects the calf muscles to heel bone. It is used when you walk, run and jump. When the Achilles tendon becomes thin, weak, or if it is not used, it may be susceptible to injury or damage.

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Ankle Sprain

A sprain is stretching or tearing of ligaments, which connect adjacent bones in a joint and provides stability to the joint. An ankle sprain is a common injury and occurs when you fall or suddenly twist the ankle joint or when you land your foot in an awkward position after a jump.

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Ankle Fracture

Ankle injuries are the most common sports-related injury. An ankle fracture is a break in one or more bones that make up the ankle joint. Sometimes ligaments may also be damaged.

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Ankle Arthroscopy

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Click on the topics below to find out more from the Orthopedic connection website of American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.